Oracle cannot be started due to error "ORA-07274: spdcr: access error, access to oracle denied."

====================

General

====================

Oracle cannot be started.

In alert.log, there is this error:

alert.log

Current log# 3 seq# 518649 mem# 0: /oracle_db/db1/db_igt/redo/redo03.log
2021-05-10T11:31:32.279377+00:00
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 518650 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 1 seq# 518650 mem# 0: /oracle_db/db1/db_igt/redo/redo01.log
2021-05-10T11:31:33.362773+00:00
Errors in file /software/oracle/diag/rdbms/igt/igt/trace/igt_psp0_5209.trc:
ORA-07274: spdcr: access error, access to oracle denied.
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Errors in file /software/oracle/diag/rdbms/igt/igt/trace/igt_psp0_5209.trc  (incident=400034):
ORA-7274 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
Incident details in: /software/oracle/diag/rdbms/igt/igt/incident/incdir_400034/igt_psp0_5209_i400034.trc
2021-05-10T11:31:34.991651+00:00
USER (ospid: 5209): terminating the instance due to error 7274
2021-05-10T11:31:35.148877+00:00
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=5209 (PSP0)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /software/oracle/diag/rdbms/igt/igt/trace/igt_diag_5240_20210510113135.trc
2021-05-10T11:31:41.045570+00:00


/software/oracle/diag/rdbms/igt/igt/trace/igt_psp0_5209.trc
error 7274 detected in background process
ORA-07274: spdcr: access error, access to oracle denied.
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
*** 2021-05-10T11:31:33.713353+00:00
2021-05-10T11:31:33.713285+00:00
Incident 400034 created, dump file: /software/oracle/diag/rdbms/igt/igt/incident/incdir_400034/igt_psp0_5209_i400034.trc
ORA-7274 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
2021-05-10 11:31:34.973 :kjzduptcctx(): Notifying DIAG for crash event
----- Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
ksedsts()+346<-kjzduptcctx()+868<-kjzdicrshnfy()+1113<-ksuitm_opt()+1678<-ksbrdp()+4494<-opirip()+609<-opidrv()+602<-sou2o()+145<-opimai_real()+202<-ssthrdmain()+417<-main()+262<-__libc_start_main()+245
----- End of Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
*** 2021-05-10T11:31:34.991458+00:00
USER (ospid: 5209): terminating the instance due to error 7274
ksuitm: waiting up to [5] seconds before killing DIAG(5240)

====================

Solution

====================

Check for missing binaries under $ORACLE_HOME/bin/

indeed - oracle executable was deleted during upgrade.

oracle@my_server:/software/oracle/196/bin>% ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  8 Mar 26  2020 adrci -> ../adrci
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  6 Mar 26  2020 exp -> ../exp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  8 Mar 26  2020 expdp -> ../expdp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  9 Mar 26  2020 genezi -> ../genezi
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  6 Mar 26  2020 imp -> ../imp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  8 Mar 26  2020 impdp -> ../impdp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  9 Mar 26  2020 sqlldr -> ../sqlldr
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 10 Mar 26  2020 sqlplus -> ../sqlplus
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 10 Mar 26  2020 tnsping -> ../tnsping
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 10 Mar 26  2020 uidrvci -> ../uidrvci
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba  6 Mar 26  2020 wrc -> ../wrc